Short Forum Assignment

[Admin]

Do Search from internet and define one of the following terms and also give reference URL :

1- Central Processing Unit
2- Random Access Memory
3- Read Only Memory

[37/A]

1-Central processing unit:-
CPU or processor is an electronic crircuit that can execute computer program or sets of instructions.

URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit

2-Read only memory:-
ROM is an storage media used in computer or any other electronic devices,
data storage in ROM cannot be modified,
ROM is an permanent storage devices ans its holds boots directions

URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory

3- Random access memory:-
RAM is a type of computer memory that can be accessed ramdomly,
RAM is an volatile memory, its stores current data and programs.

URL:
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RAM.html

[FA09-MBA-010]

1-CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:

• A Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs, which are actually sets of instructions.

URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit

• A Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs, which are actually sets of instructions.

• Main processing unit of a computer. The CPU executes computer programs and performs arithmetic functions.

URL:
http://www.answers.com/central%20processing%20unit

[CIIT/FA09-MBA-131/LHR]

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:-
The CPU was 1st developed by intel in 1974 and is stands for central processing unit. The computer CPU is responsible for handling all instructions and calculation it receives from other hardware and component in the computer and software program running on the computer
URL: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cpu.htm

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY:-
RAM also known as main memory. As system memory is a term commonly used to describe the memory within computer. Ram requires power if power is lost all data is lost.
URL:http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ram.htm

READ ONLY MEMORY:-
Read-Only Memory, ROM is a type of memory that is capable of holding data and being read from; however, it is not capable of being written to or having its data modified. Unlike RAM, ROM is capable of keeping its contents regardless if it has power or not.
URL: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/rom.htm

[Admin]

Please Define only one of the following term and not all of them

[fa09-mba-073/lhr]

CPU(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)

An abbreviation for central processing unit. The “brain” of a computer, the CPU is where data manipulation actually takes place. The results of these manipulations are then stored in the computer memory. Microprocessors perform this function in personal computer.


REF: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cpu

[ciit/fa09-mba-025/lhr]

DEFINITION: ROM is "built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to. ROM contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated each time you turn it on. Unlike a computer's random access memory (RAM), the data in ROM is not lost when the computer power is turned off. The ROM is sustained by a small long-life battery in your computer. If …
ROM is "built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to. ROM contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated each time you turn it on. Unlike a computer's random access memory (RAM), the data in ROM is not lost when the computer power is turned off. The ROM is sustained by a small long-life battery in your computer. If you ever do the hardware setup procedure with your computer, you effectively will be writing to ROM.


REF:www.bitpipe.com/tlist/ROM.HTML

[fa09-mba-04]

Random-access memory (usually known by its acronym, RAM) is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order (i.e., at random). The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data.
The word RAM is often associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory modules), where the information is lost after the power is switched off. Many other types of memory are RAM, too, including most types of ROM and flash memory called NOR-Flash.
URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM

[FA09-MBA-079/LHR]

Q. what is Ram?

Random access memory in short (ram) is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order. The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data.

By contrast, storage devices such as tapes, magnetic discs and optical discs rely on the physical movement of the recording medium or a reading head. In these devices, the movement takes longer than data transfer, and the retrieval time varies based on the physical location of the next item.

The word RAM is often associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory modules), where the information is lost after the power is switched off. Many other types of memory are RAM, too, including most types of ROM and flash memory called NOR-Flash.

URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory

[FA-09-MBA-146]

CPU:
Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate letters. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor,but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

URL: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CPU.html

RAM:
Pronounced ramm, acronym for random access memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.

There are two different types of RAM: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). The two types differ in the technology they use to hold data, with DRAM being the more common type. In terms of speed, SRAM is faster. DRAM needs to be refreshed thousands of times per second while SRAM does not need to be refreshed, which is what makes it faster than DRAM. DRAM supports access times of about 60 nanoseconds, SRAM can give access times as low as 10 nanoseconds. Despite SRAM being faster, it's not as commonly used as DRAM because it's so much more expensive. Both types of RAM are volatile, meaning that they lose their contents when the power is turned off.

URL: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RAM.html

ROM:
Pronounced rahm, acronym for read-only memory, computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read.

Unlike main memory (RAM), ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile, whereas RAM is volatile.

Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. In addition, ROMs are used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored in ROMs.

A variation of a ROM is a PROM (programmable read-only memory). PROMs are manufactured as blank chips on which data can be written with a special device called a PROM programmer .
URL:http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/ROM.html

[FA09-MBA-019/LHR]

CPU
A Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs, which are actually sets of instructions. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s (Weik 2007). The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.

URL: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit

[mba-fa09-097]

RAM:

Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer memory. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.


The opposite of RAM is serial access memory (SAM). SAM stores data as a series of memory cells that can only be accessed sequentially (like a cassette tape). If the data is not in the current location, each memory cell is checked until the needed data is found. SAM works very well for memory buffers, where the data is normally stored in the order in which it will be used (a good example is the texture buffer memory on a video card). RAM data, on the other hand, can be accessed in any order.

URL: http://www.howstuffworks.com/ram.htm

[FA09-MBA-137]

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM):
Random access memory which is usually known as RAM is a form of computer data storage.Today it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order.The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time,regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related with previous piece of data.
BY CONTRAST,storage devices such as TAPES,MAGNETIC DISCS and OPTICAL DISCS rely on the physical movement of the recording medium or a reading head. In these devices.the movements take longer than data transfer and the retrieval time varies based on the physical location of the next item.
The word RAM is often associated with volatile types of memory where the information is lost after the power is switched off. Many other types of memory are RAM, too,including most types of ROM and FLASH MEMORYcalled NOR-FLASH.

URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM

[ciit/fa09-mba-173/lhr]

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:
Central processing unit or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs,which are actually sets of instructions.This term has been in use in the computer industry atleast since the early 1960s.The form,design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operations remain much the same.
The fundamental operations of most CPUs,regardless of the physical form they take,is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program.The program is represented by a series of numbers that are kept in some kind of computer memory.There are four steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation:FETCH,DECODE,EXECUTE AND WRITEBACK.

URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cpu

[FA09-MBA-103/LHR]

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

A Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs, which are actually sets of instructions. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s (Weik 2007). The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
Early CPUs were custom-designed as a part of a larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, computer. However, this costly method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit (IC). The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of these digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines. Modern microprocessors appear in everything from automobiles to cell phones and children's toys.

REFERENCE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU

[CIIT/FA09-MBA-049/LHR]

ROM stands for read only memory. Once data is stored on the rom it can not be changed during the working life of computer. Once written than the only way to change it destroy that device which hold the data.
The best example of this would be cd or dvd disc,once written the data could not be changed,with the exception of RE-WRITEABLES which are specifically designed for that purpose but even than they required permanent "tracks" which written on them.


REF:www.wikianswers.com

[FA09-MBA-170]

1:

CENTERAL PROCESSING UNIT

Definition: The CPU (central processing unit) is the part of a computer controls the interpretation and execution of instructions. Generally, the CPU is a single microchip, but that doesn't necessarily have to be the case. In the consumer desktop and laptop market, the CPU market is dominated by Intel, AMD, and IBM. These manufacturers supply the computer makers such as Dell, HP, and Apple.

URL:http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition/cpu.asp


2:

RANDOM ACCESS MEMEORY

Definition: Random-access memory (RAM) refers to a storage technology that allows you to read and write data as many times as needed. Contrast this to ROM which allows data to be written once after which it permits only reading.

RAM is typically erased when a computer is shut down, though some RAM chips maintain data indefinitely without electrical power. Technically, RAM devices are not limited to memory chips, and random-access memory as a storage format is not limited to use as working memory. In a broad sense, modern storage devices for long-term or secondary storage, including magnetic media and laser-readable CDs and DVDs, are forms of random-access memory.

URL:http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition/ram.asp


3:

READ ONLY MEMEORY

Definition: ROM is "built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to. ROM contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated each time you turn it on. Unlike a computer's random access memory (RAM), the data in ROM is not lost when the computer power is turned off. The ROM is sustained by a small long-life battery in your computer.
Recent Vendor Reports on ROM
Because there is no exact match for ROM under this category, our system automatically performed a keyword search to broaden the scope of your query
URL: http://www.bitpipe.com/tlist/ROM.html

[CIIT/FA09-MBA-082/LHR]

Q: WHAT IS RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY?
ANS: Random-access memory (usually known by its acronym, RAM) is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order (i.e., at random). The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data.

URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory

[mba-fa-09-a-158]

A Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs, which are actually sets of instructions.
url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit

[FA09-MBA-091]

FA09-MBA-091
Q:What is RAM?

RAM is an abbreviation for Random Access Memory. It usually refers to "temporary" memory, as when the system is shut down, the memory is lost. This is why the memory is referred to as being "random," as any piece of information can be circulated through the memory regardless of its location and its relation to any other information within the RAM. The first of the many RAMs to come in the future was created in 1951.
REF:WWW.tech.faq.com

[FA09-MBA-100]

Roll # FA09-MBA-100

Question:
Define Central Processing Unit?

Answer:
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer--it is the 'compute' in computer. Modern CPU's are what are called 'integrated chips'. The idea of an integrated chip is that several processing components are integrated into a single piece of silicon. Without the CPU, you have no computer. The CPU is composed of thousands (and soon billions) of transistors.


Parts of Central Processing Unit

A CPU usually contains an execution core with two or more pipelines, a data and address bus, a dedicated arithmetic logic unit (ALU, also called the math co-processor), and in some cases special high-speed memory for caching program instructions from RAM.

http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/computers/hardware/cpu

[ciit/fa09-mba-028/lhr]

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU):-
CPU is an acronym that stands for central processing unit. The central processing unit is responsible for performing all of the mathematical calculations that are required for a computer to function properly. Because a computer cannot function without the CPU (which may also be referred to as the central processor or just the processor), it is not uncommon to hear people refer to the CPU as the "brains" of a computer.

URL:http://www.tech-faq.com/cpu.shtml

[Liaquat ali mba 055]

Do Search from internet and define one of the following terms and also give reference URL :

1- Central Processing Unit
2- Random Access Memory
3- Read Only Memory

Reply of the Assignment

Random Access Memory
RAM (random access memory) is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor.
Reference
http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci214255,00.html

[sp09-mba-007/lhr]

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

One major type of memory that is used in PCs is called read-only memory, or ROM for short. ROM is a type of memory that normally can only be read, as opposed to RAM which can be both read and written. There are two main reasons that read-only memory is used for certain functions within the PC:

* Permanence: The values stored in ROM are always there, whether the power is on or not. A ROM can be removed from the PC, stored for an indefinite period of time, and then replaced, and the data it contains will still be there. For this reason, it is called non-volatile storage. A hard disk is also non-volatile, for the same reason, but regular RAM is not.
* Security: The fact that ROM cannot easily be modified provides a measure of security against accidental (or malicious) changes to its contents. You are not going to find viruses infecting true ROMs, for example; it's just not possible. (It's technically possible with erasable EPROMs, though in practice never seen.)

Read-only memory is most commonly used to store system-level programs that we want to have available to the PC at all times. The most common example is the system BIOS program, which is stored in a ROM called (amazingly enough) the system BIOS ROM. Having this in a permanent ROM means it is available when the power is turned on so that the PC can use it to boot up the system

REFERENCE: http://www.pcguide.com/ref/ram/typesROM-c.html

[FA09-mba/152]

Central Processing Unit:
(CPU) The computing part of the computer. Also called the "processor," it is made up of the control unit and ALU. Today, the CPUs of almost all computers are contained on a single chip.
The CPU, clock and main memory make up a computer. A complete computer system requires the addition of control units, input, output and storage devices and an operating system.
CPUs Come in Different Sizes:
Depending on which end of the field you are in, a CPU can mean the processor, memory and everything inside the cabinet, or just the microprocessor itself.

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/CPU

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